Honors Physical Science Chapter 12, 20, & 21 Exam Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Earthquake waves are called ____.
a. | seismic waves | c. | divergent waves |
b. | convergent waves | d. | wave amplitudes |
____ 2. Strike-slip faults are caused by ____ forces.
a. | compression | c. | right angle |
b. | shear | d. | tension |
____ 3. Which statement is true of P-waves?
a. | They travel the fastest through rocks. |
b. | They vibrate at 90° to the wave motion. |
c. | They are last to reach the epicenter. |
d. | They are the most damaging. |
____ 4. The modified Mercalli scale measures the ____ of an earthquake.
a. | magnitude | c. | amplitude |
b. | energy | d. | intensity |
____ 5. The Richter scale is based on measurements of the ____ of a seismic wave.
a. | speed | c. | intensity |
b. | frequency | d. | amplitude |
____ 6. When a volcano erupts, the molten material that flows onto Earth’s surface is called ____.
a. | magma | c. | rifts |
b. | fissures | d. | lava |
____ 7. Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface is called ____.
a. | magma | c. | lava |
b. | tephra | d. | pyroclasts |
____ 8. Thinner, easy-flowing lavas are rich in ____.
a. | silica | c. | volcanic ash |
b. | water vapor | d. | iron and magnesium |
____ 9. Sticky, thicker lavas ____.
a. | form flood basalts | c. | are rich in iron and magnesium |
b. | are rich in silica | d. | flow very easily |
____ 10. At a transform plate boundary, ____.
a. | plates grind past each other | c. | plates converge |
b. | plates diverge | d. | hot spots form |
____ 11. At a divergent plate boundary, ____.
a. | one plate slides under another plate |
b. | the edge of one plate melts and becomes magma |
c. | plates grind past each other |
d. | plates move apart |
____ 12. The layer on which the tectonic plates move is the ____.
a. | lithosphere | c. | core |
b. | asthenosphere | d. | crust |
____ 13. Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive.
a. | above | c. | on |
b. | below | d. | all of the above |
Figure 4-1
____ 14. Figure 4-1 shows that the processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | condensation | c. | weathering |
b. | erosion | d. | compaction |
____ 15. The rock cycle shown in Figure 4-1 indicates that each type of rock can ____.
a. | provide materials to make other rocks |
b. | form other rocks |
c. | be changed by forces at Earth's surface |
d. | all of the above |
____ 16. Figure 4-1 shows that sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
a. | compaction | c. | cementation |
b. | weathering and erosion | d. | heat and pressure |
____ 17. Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.
a. | magma | c. | neither a nor b |
b. | lava | d. | both a and b |
____ 18. The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called ____.
a. | magma | c. | neither a nor b |
b. | lava | d. | both a and b |
____ 19. Foliated rocks are distinguished by ____.
a. | layers |
b. | lack of layers |
c. | large mineral grains |
d. | air holes |
____ 20. Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks.
a. | extrusive metamorphic | c. | intrusive metamorphic |
b. | extrusive igneous | d. | intrusive igneous |
____ 21. All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____.
a. | exposure to air |
b. | the presence of hot, watery fluids |
c. | heat |
d. | pressure |
____ 22. A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are ____.
a. | chemical or organic | c. | foliated or nonfoliated |
b. | intrusive or extrusive | d. | basaltic or granite |
____ 23. Sedimentary rocks are ____.
a. | formed from magma |
b. | a type of foliated igneous rock |
c. | formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery fluids |
d. | formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions |
____ 24. Metamorphic rocks can undergo all of the following changes EXCEPT ____.
a. | an exchange of atoms between minerals |
b. | melting |
c. | the formation of new, bigger minerals |
d. | the flattening of mineral grains |
____ 25. Detrital rocks are ____.
a. | made from broken fragments of other rocks |
b. | formed from magma |
c. | deposited from solution |
d. | all of the above |
____ 26. A rock is always ____.
a. | made of molten material |
b. | a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials |
c. | formed by heat and pressure |
d. | either igneous or sedimentary |
____ 27. A detrital rock is named according to ____.
a. | its age | c. | the shape and size of the sediments |
b. | its location | d. | the color of the sediments |
____ 28. Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because ____.
a. | it is denser than surrounding solid rock |
b. | it is less dense than surrounding solid rock |
c. | it has the same density as surrounding solid rock |
d. | none of the above |
____ 29. When lava cools at Earth's surface, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. | extrusive | c. | intrusive |
b. | metamorphic | d. | coarse-grained |
____ 30. When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. | extrusive | c. | detrital |
b. | fine-grained | d. | intrusive |
____ 31. An igneous rock can form from ____ magma.
a. | basaltic | c. | granitic |
b. | andesitic | d. | all of the above |
____ 32. Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as ____.
a. | nonfoliated | c. | foliated |
b. | extrusive | d. | intrusive |
____ 33. Metamorphic rocks with a non-foliated texture show metamorphic change that involves ____.
a. | mineral grains arranging into layers |
b. | growth in the size of the mineral grains |
c. | mineral grains flattening under pressure |
d. | mineral grain melting |
____ 34. Sedimentary rocks form because of all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | sediments becoming pressed or cemented together |
b. | crystals solidifying from magma |
c. | sediments forming from solution |
d. | water evaporating, leaving crystals behind |
____ 35. Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____.
a. | held together with natural cements |
b. | formed when atoms of melted minerals rearrange themselves |
c. | formed when lava erupts from a volcano |
d. | formed by magma trapped below Earth's surface |
____ 36. Sedimentary rocks formed from broken fragments of other rocks are ____.
a. | chemical | c. | organic |
b. | detrital | d. | none of the above |
____ 37. As magma cools, its ____ combine into compounds that form a crystal structure, and it becomes a mineral.
a. | atoms | c. | electrons |
b. | elements | d. | none of the above |
____ 38. Minerals are comprised of one or more ____.
a. | colors | c. | rocks |
b. | elements | d. | structures |
____ 39. A mineral is classified as an ore as long as ____.
a. | it is rare and valuable | c. | it is profitable and useful |
b. | it can be used as jewelry | d. | it is solid and natural |
____ 40. One of the softest minerals is ____.
a. | topaz | c. | talc |
b. | quartz | d. | amethyst |
____ 41. All minerals share the following characteristics EXCEPT that of ____.
a. | being formed by natural processes |
b. | being formed from living organisms |
c. | being solids |
d. | having the atoms within the mineral arranged in a pattern |
____ 42. The hardness of quartz is 7. This indicates that quartz will scratch all of the following minerals EXCEPT ____.
a. | talc | c. | topaz |
b. | apatite | d. | calcite |
____ 43. Calcite will scratch gypsum. This is an example of the physical characteristics called ____.
a. | hardness | c. | fracture |
b. | streak | d. | cleavage |
____ 44. Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, mineral fragments, water, air and ____.
a. | sand | c. | moss |
b. | decayed organic matter | d. | clay |
____ 45. The layer of soil that contains the most organic material is called the ____ horizon.
____ 46. All of the following cause mechanical weathering EXCEPT ____.
a. | ice | c. | burrowing animals |
b. | tree roots | d. | carbonic acid |
____ 47. Litter often covers the ____ horizon.
a. | A | c. | C |
b. | B | d. | all of the above |
____ 48. Chemical weathering is more rapid in a ____ climate.
a. | warm, dry | c. | cold, dry |
b. | warm, wet | d. | cold, wet |
____ 49. Mechanical weathering is more rapid in a ____ climate.
____ 50. The organic matter in humus is made of ____.
a. | dead worms | c. | roots |
b. | stems | d. | all of the above |
____ 51. The rate of weathering depends upon the area's ____.
a. | oxygen | c. | water |
b. | climate | d. | soil |
____ 52. The rock and mineral fragments in soil come from rock that has been ____.
a. | blasted |
b. | carved |
c. | weathered |
d. | chemically treated |
____ 53. The difference between mechanical and chemical weathering is ____.
a. | the length of time each takes to break up a rock |
b. | that only chemical weathering involves water |
c. | the way they affect the makeup of a rock |
d. | all of the above |
____ 54. Soils in ____ contain little organic material and are thin.
a. | tropical areas | c. | prairies |
b. | deserts | d. | temperate forests |
____ 55. Plants cannot grow without ____.
a. | rocks | c. | moss |
b. | soil | d. | pesticides |
____ 56. The mass of clay, silt, sand, and boulders that covers much of the United States was deposited by ____.
a. | farming | c. | ice wedging |
b. | glaciers | d. | huge bulldozers |
____ 57. Minerals found in the B horizon were dissolved in water and carried there by a process called ____.
a. | oxidation | c. | weathering |
b. | leaching | d. | littering |
____ 58. Oxidation occurs when materials containing ____ are exposed to oxygen and water.
a. | iron | c. | kaolinite |
b. | carbonic acid | d. | all of the above |
____ 59. The B horizon is ____.
a. | rockier than the C horizon | c. | lighter than the A horizon |
b. | richer in humus than the A horizon | d. | thinner than the C horizon |
____ 60. Plants don't grow as well when ____ has been lost.
a. | clay | c. | parent rock |
b. | topsoil | d. | slope |
____ 61. ____ is a factor that affects soil development.
a. | Time | c. | Type of rock |
b. | Slope | d. | all of the above |
____ 62. The ____ horizon has smaller rock and mineral particles than the other layers.
____ 63. Below the C horizon is ____.
a. | topsoil | c. | clay |
b. | rock | d. | humus |
____ 64. Mechanical weathering ____.
a. | breaks apart rocks by physical processes |
b. | occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks |
c. | occurs when iron is exposed to oxygen and water |
d. | none of the above |
____ 65. Chemical weathering ____.
a. | is caused by freezing and thawing |
b. | breaks apart rocks by physical processes |
c. | occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks |
d. | none of above |
____ 66. In areas where freezing and thawing occur frequently, rocks weather rapidly because of the ____ of freezing water.
a. | evaporation | c. | leaching |
b. | expansion | d. | oxidation |
____ 67. Because desert soils contain little organic material, their soil profiles have ____ horizons.
a. | thick | c. | thin |
b. | no | d. | b or c |
____ 68. Soil erosion occurs ____.
a. | where animals eat away all the plants |
b. | when forests are removed |
c. | on steep slopes |
d. | all of the above |
____ 69. The ____ in rocks are the spaces between the grains and crystals, and also are the cracks in rocks.
a. | deposits | c. | pores |
b. | saturation zones | d. | sediments |
____ 70. ____ rock contains well-connected pores and allows groundwater to flow through it.
a. | Nonporous | c. | Impermeable |
b. | Low-porosity | d. | Permeable |
____ 71. The ____ is the zone where pores are full of water.
a. | zone of aeration | c. | zone of saturation |
b. | zone of fractures | d. | water table |
____ 72. A well that is drilled into a pressurized aquifer is called a(n) ____.
a. | sandwiched aquifer | c. | artesian well |
b. | spring | d. | geyser |
____ 73. The longest subdivision in geologic time is a(n) ____.
a. | epoch | c. | century |
b. | period | d. | eon |
____ 74. Homo sapiens probably appeared ____ ago.
a. | 66 million years | c. | 400,000 years |
b. | 6 million years | d. | none of the above |
____ 75. A stream can erode no deeper than its ____ level.
a. | angular | c. | core |
b. | base | d. | point |
____ 76. ____ streams have channels with many curves.
a. | Meandering | c. | Drainage |
b. | Braided | d. | Canyon |
____ 77. Streams with bars, islands, and divided channels are called ____ streams.
a. | meandering | c. | drainage |
b. | braided | d. | canyon |
____ 78. The entire land area drained by a stream is called the drainage ____.
____ 79. A ____ separates a drainage basin of one stream from the drainage basin of another.
a. | point | c. | erosion |
b. | bar | d. | divide |
____ 80. A ____ is formed by sediment deposited where a stream empties into a gulf or a bay.
a. | fan | c. | braid |
b. | delta | d. | floodplain |
Honors Physical Science Chapter 12, 20, & 21 Exam Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
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3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
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5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
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6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
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7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
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8. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
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9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
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10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
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11. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
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12. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/2
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13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/2
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14. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
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15. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 4/1
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16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
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17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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19. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
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20. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
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21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
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22. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/3
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23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
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24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
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25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/3
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26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
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27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 3/3
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28. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
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29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
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30. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
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31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/2
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32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/3
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33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 4/1
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34. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 3/1
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35. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
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36. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
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37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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38. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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39. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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40. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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41. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
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42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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43. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/2
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44. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/4
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45. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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46. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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47. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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48. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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49. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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50. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/4
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51. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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52. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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54. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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55. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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56. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
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57. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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58. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/2
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59. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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60. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/4
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61. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/3
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62. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/3
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63. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
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64. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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65. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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66. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
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67. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/3
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68. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
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69. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/2
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70. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/2
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71. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 3/2
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72. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/2
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73. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
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74. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
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75. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
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76. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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77. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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78. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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79. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
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80. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
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